ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

The alloy elements added in gray cast iron can be roughly divided into four categories, namely graphitization elements, carburizing elements, bead stabilizing elements and refined elements.
ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, 2.0% ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱢᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ: ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ; ᱜᱡᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ) ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<0.08%), its fine compounds can be used as the core of graphite, has the role of promoting graphitization.
ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰ-ᱤᱱ, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱟᱭᱚᱴᱤᱠ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ,<0.8%, the effect of molybdenum is mild, which is to make the pearlite refinement, the content is the carburization stable element. It is generally believed that the role of manganese is to increase the amount of cast iron beads and improve the strength of cast iron. In fact, manganese is also multifaceted, when the content is high, it will make the graphite thick, thus reducing the strength of cast iron.